Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential

Abstract Synthetic dyes are by far the most widely applied colourants in industry. However, environmental and sustainability considerations have led to an increasing efforts substitute them with safer more sustainable equivalents. One promising class of alternatives is natural quinones; these cyclic organic compounds characterized a saturated (C6) ring that contains two oxygen atoms bonded carbonyls sufficient conjugation show color. Therefore, this study looks at potential isolating applying quinone dye molecules from source as possible replacement for synthetic dyes. It presents in-depth description three main classes quinoid terms their structure, occurrence biogenesis toxicology. Extraction purification strategies, well analytical methods, then discussed. Finally, current dyeing applications summarised. The literature review shows ubiquitous, albeit moderate quantities, but all possibility enhanced production. They also display better dyeability, stability, brightness fastness compared other alternative dyes, such anthocyanins carotenoids. Furthermore, they environment than many counterparts. Their extraction, analysis simple fast, making substitutes Graphic